Cranial variation between coastal and offshore boưlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Ecuador and the Mediterranean: a three-dimensional geometric morphometric study Author Dromby, Morgane Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS, ul. Wilcza 64, 00 - 679 Warszawa, Poland Author Félix, Fernando Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Ave 12 de Octubre 1076, 170143 ºuito, Ecuador & Museo de Ballenas, Av. General Enríquez Gallo, entre calles 47 y 50, Salinas, Ecuador Author Haase, Ben Museo de Ballenas, Av. General Enríquez Gallo, entre calles 47 y 50, Salinas, Ecuador Author Simões-Lopes, Paulo C. Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s / n - Trindade, 88040 - 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Author Costa, Ana P. B. Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s / n - Trindade, 88040 - 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil & Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 1365 Memorial Drive, 33146, Coral Gables, Florida, USA Author Lalis, Aude Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP 51, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France Author Bens, Celine Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 5202, 55 rue Buffon, 75000 Paris, France Author Podestà, Michela Museum of Natural History of Milan, corso Venezia 55, 20121 Milan, Italy Author Doria, Giuliano Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ‘ Giacomo Doria’, Via Brigata Liguria 9, I- 16121 Genova, Italy Author Moura, Andre E. Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS, ul. Wilcza 64, 00 - 679 Warszawa, Poland amoura@miiz.waw.pl text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2023 2023-06-24 199 1 83 96 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad022 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad022 0024-4082 8326231

Table 1. Pairwise PERMANOVA analysis on the first 55 PCs of principal component analysis (PCA) between a priori groups separating both habitat and geographical areas. Results are shown for both manual (regular text) and automatic (bold text) landmarks. F -values are shown above the empty diagonal cells, while P -values are shown below the empty diagonal cells. Significant comparisons are marked by an asterisk (*). Population abbreviations: OSEP— Offshore Southeast Pacific; ONA — Offshore North Atlantic; OSA —Offshore South Atlantic.

	Mediterranean	Guayaquil	OSEP	OSA	ONA
Mediterranean		9.208*/ 4.614*	2.195*/ 1.628*	3.277*/ 1.968*	2.633*/ 1.383
Guayaquil	<0.001*/ <0.001*		4.228*/ 2.966*	2.425*/ 2.754*	2.914*/ 1.849*
OSEP	<0.001*/ 0.010*	<0.001*/< 0.001*		1.406/ 1.092	1.329/ 1.230
OSA	<0.001*/ 0.002*	<0.001*/< 0.001*	0.061/ 0.284		1.155/ 1.332
ONA	0.001*/ 0.054	<0.001*/ 0.002*	0.080/ 0.122	0.252/0.120