A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species
Author
Galea, Horia R.
Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin des Gatiers, F- 83170 Tourves, France
horia.galea@gmail.com
Author
Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina
Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I- 60121 Ancona, Italy
Author
Maggioni, Davide
Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives
Author
Montano, Simone
Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives
Author
Schuchert, Peter
Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland
text
Revue suisse de Zoologie
2018
2018-03-31
125
1
21
59
journal article
3943
10.5281/zenodo.1196007
9f6a1d45-f725-42d1-a64c-b6ffaaae23d7
0035-418
1196007
Table 4. Various records approaching the phenotype of Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008, and their possible taxonomic status (L stands for length, Φ for diameter, Ho and He for homo- and heteromerous, respectively, and Ha., He. and A. for Halopteris, Heterotheca and Antennella, respectively). | Billard (1913), Siboga Stn. 77, as Ha. polymorpha | Vervoort (1966), as Ha. polymorpha | Vervoort (1967), as A. secundaria | Hirohito (1974), as He. buski (sic!) | Hirohito (1983), as Ha. polymorpha | Ryland & Gibbons (1991), as Ha. buskii (BM1988.11.10.6- 7) | Ryland & Gibbons (1991), as Ha. buskii (QM GL10293) | Hirohito (1995), as Ha. buski (sic!) | Preker & Lawn (2010), as Ha. polymoprha | Preker & Lawn (2012), as Ha. polymoprha |
|---|
| Possible taxonomic status | Unsettled | Unsettled | (?) Ha. vervoorti | (?) Ha. vervoorti | Unsettled | (?) Ha. vervoorti | (?) Ha. vervoorti | (?) Ha. vervoorti | (?) Ha. vervoorti | Unsettled |
|---|
| Cormoids |
|---|
| - geographical distribution | Indonesia | S Africa | Red Sea | Japan | Japan | Fiji | Fiji | Japan | Australia | Australia |
|---|
| - max. height (mm) | 8 | 23 | 15 | 10 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 21 |
|---|
| Caulus |
|---|
| - segmentation | Ho | Ho | Ho | Ho | Ho | Ho | Ho | Ho | Ho | Ho |
|---|
| - axillar nematothecae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
|---|
| - nematothecae above hydroth. | ? | 1 | Usually 1 | 1-2 | 1-2 | <3 | <3 | 1-2 | 2 | 2 |
|---|
| Cladia |
|---|
| - segmentation | He/Ho | Ho/He | He | He | Ho | He | He | He | He | He |
|---|
| - nematoth. on 1st ahydroth. internode | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1-2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
|---|
| - nematoth. on ordinary ahydroth. internodes | 1 (occ. 2) | 1 (on fused part) | 1 | 1 | 1 (on fused part) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 (rarely 2) | 1-2 |
|---|
| - axillar nematoth. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 (exc. 2) | 1-2 | 1 (occ. 2) | 1 (occ. 2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
|---|
| Measurements (μm) |
|---|
| Caulus, L internode | - | - | 270-325 | - | - | 360-380 | 265-325 | - | 320-420 | 498-1494 |
|---|
| Cladia, L 1st ahydroth. intern. | 245-270 | - | - | - | - | - | | - | - | 66-100 |
|---|
| Cladia, L ordinary ahydroth. intern. | 190-255 | Fused | 130-140 | - | Fused | 130-140 | 100-150 | - | 150-260 | 282-415 |
|---|
| Cladia, L hydroth. intern. | 310-365 | 675-1080 (fused) | 245-250 | - | - | 190-240 | 175-230 | - | 260-340 | 249-315 |
|---|
| | | | | (fused) | | | | | |
|---|
| Hydrotheca, L abaxial wall or Depth | 215-230 | 240-255 | 190-215 | ca. 270 | 260-270 | 175-210 | 150-180 | 180-220 | 112-180 | 183-249 |
|---|
| Hydrotheca, L free adaxial wall | - | 54-68 | 130-135 | - | - | 100-130 | 100-120 | - | 80-88 | 100-116 |
|---|
| Hydrotheca, Φ aperture | 175-190 | 245-270 | 150-165 | ca. 160 | 260-270 | 160-180 | 160-185 | 180-200 | 152-160 | 149-189 |
|---|
| Lateral nemato., L | - | 55-60 | - | - | - | - | | - | - | 50-100 |
|---|
| Lateral nemato., Φ rim | - | 45-55 | - | - | - | - | | - | - | 42-83 |
|---|
| Gonothecae, L | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | 450-612 (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) |
|---|
| - (♀) | - (♀) | 400-460 (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | 558-738 (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | 830-913 (♀) |
|---|
| Gonothecae, max. width | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | 216-234 (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) |
|---|
| - (♀) | - (♀) | 250-300 (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | 252-360 (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | 265-598 (♀) |
|---|
| Gonothecae, Φ aperture | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | 45-54 (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) |
|---|
| - (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | 162-234 (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | 249-282 (♀) |
|---|
| Gonothecae, number of basal | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) | 1 (♂) | - (♂) | - (♂) |
|---|
| nematothecae | - (♀) | - (♀) | 2 (♀) | 2 (♀) | - (♀) | - (♀) | 2 (♀) | 2-3 (♀) | - (♀) | 2 (♀) |
|---|