Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America Author Halley, Maưhew R. Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19104 Author Catanach, Therese A. Ornithology Department, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19103 Author Klicka, John Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seaưle, Washington, USA, 98105 Author Weckstein, Jason D. Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19104 & Ornithology Department, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19103 text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2023 2023-07-07 199 1 228 262 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad031 journal article 266146 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad031 b9190aec-ed9f-4c04-8914-daa1913ef189 0024-4082 8326302
Table 4. Taxonomic, sexual, and age-related variation in the extent of black on the maxilla, scored with five levels (see text) in a geographically broad sample of C. [fuscater] study skins (N = 295). The endpoints of the scale are no black (0) and completely black (4). Means (±SD) are shown for adults of each sex, and immatures (both sexes combined)
TaxonAdult malesAdult femalesImmatures
NScoreNScoreNScore
C. [f.] hellmayri432.23 ± 1.04212.62 ± 1.294.0 ± 0.0
Undescribed 1141.43 ± 0.65102.80 ± 1.1414.0
C. [f.] mirabilis101.5 ± 0.5342.75 ± 0.960–
C. [f.] sactaemartae160.75 ± 1.13151.47 ± 1.1314.0
C. [f.] fuscater181.39 ± 0.7043.0 ± 1.1554.0 ± 0.0
C. [f.] opertaneus14.014.014.0
Undescribed 224.0 ± 0.024.0 ± 0.00–
C. [f.] berlepschi123.58 ± 0.9034.0 ± 0.064.0 ± 0.0
C. [f.] caniceps162.63 ± 1.09124.0 ± 0.074.0 ± 0.0
Undescribed 3103.60 ± 0.5293.89 ± 0.3314.0
C. [f.] mentalis142.29 ± 0.9173.57 ± 0.7984.0 ± 0.0