Polybia, Paraphyly, and Polistine Phylogeny Author CARPENTER, JAMES M. Division of Invertebrate Zoology (Entomology), American Museum of Natural History. Author KOJIMA, JUN-ICHI Division of Invertebrate Zoology (Entomology), American Museum of Natural History; Associate Professor, Natural History Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310, Japan Author WENZEL, JOHN W. Division of Invertebrate Zoology (Entomology), American Museum of Natural History; Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 text American Museum Novitates 2000 2000-06-28 3298 1 24 http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282000%29298%3C0001%3APPAPP%3E2.0.CO%3B2 journal article 10.1206/0003-0082(2000)298<0001:PPAPP>2.0.CO;2 0003-0082 10111095
TABLE 1 Adult Characters for Subgenera of Polybia and Five Outgroup Genera Multistate character 15 is treated as additive; multistate characters are otherwise treated as nonadditive. An asterisk denotes a polymorphism showing all applicable states; a dollar sign denotes a subset polymorphism (Myrapetra: states 0 and 1 in character 1, 0 and 1 in character 11, and 1 and 4 in character 20; and Trichinothorax: states 0 and 2 in character 1, 0 and 1 in character 5, 0 and 1 in character 11, 0 and 1 in character 14, 1 and 3 in character 20, and 0 and 1 in character 23).
TaxaCharacter
1 5 10 15 20 | | | | |
Protonectarina200020001000020100000002
Epipona002021011011120000052000
Synoecoides011120110000102002131031
Chartergus000000000001000103260012
Brachygastra2000$0000001000103261012
Polybia010100100020101001130013
Apopolybia010100100000111011121023
Alpha010100100000111001020013
Myrapetra$10000**00$01100000$0004
Furnariana01010000010*100101011024
Cylindroeca010111011220100100001014
Trichinothorax$10*$10**0$01$01*00$10$4
Pedothoeca010121011010110100000024
Formicicola010100110000111101020124
Platypolybia110110110000120101010024