| Habitus | annual, biennial or perennial | annual or rarely biennial | annual, perennial or rarely biennial |
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| Plant height (cm) | 20–150 | 20–70(–80) | (5–)10–75(–100) |
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| Position of branched stem | above (below middle), occasionally near base | base | above (below middle) |
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| Leaf size (cm) | 7–30(–35) × (1.0–)1.5–6.5 | 3–12 × (1.5–)2.0–5.0 | (4–)6–25(–40) × (0.5–)1.5– 4.0(–5.0) |
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| Leaf length/width ratio | 5–6× | 4× | 4× |
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| Shape of leaf base | truncate, cuneate to broadly cuneate | truncate- subcordate | truncate- subcordate (broadly cuneate) |
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| length of basal petiole (cm) | 2–14 | 3–5 | 1.0–2.5 |
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| Articulation type of pedicel | slender | swollen | slender _ swollen |
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| Color of mature inflorescence | reddish brown | light brown to reddish brown | golden or greenish yellow |
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| Shape of inner tepal (valve) | rhombic _ triangular, or linguliform | ovate to triangular | ovate to triangular |
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| Size of inner tepal (mm) | 3.0–4.0(–5.0) × (1.0–)1.5–2.0 | 3.0–6.0 × 2.0–3.0 | 2.5–3.0(–3.5) × (0.7–)1.5–2.0 |
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| Valve length/width ratio | 2.0–2.5× | 2.0–3.0× | 1.5–2.0× |
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| Number of dentate valves | 3 (5) | 3 | 3 |
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| Teeth number in each margin | 2–3 | 2–4(–5) | 2–5(–6) |
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| Teeth length (mm) | 1.3–2.8 | (1.0–)2.0–5.0(–6.0) | 1.0–3.5 |
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| Ratio of teeth length to valves width | ± equaling or slightly longer | longer | longer |
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| Tubercles number | 3 (5) | (1–2) 3 | 3 |
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| Tubercle shape | oblong, obtuse | ovate to oblong, acute to ± obtuse | oblong, acute |
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| Nut size (mm) | 1.9–2.0(–2.1) × 0.9–1.0(–1.1) | 2.0–2.8 × 1.4–1.8 | 0.9–2.0 × 0.6–1.0 |
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| Nut color | bright brown to golden yellow | dark reddish brown | light brown |
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