An outlook on larval morphology of Copelatinae diving beetles with phylogenetic considerations (Coleoptera: Adephaga, Dytiscidae) Author Alarie, Yves Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P 3 E 2 C 6, Canada Author Michat, Mariano C. 0000-0002-1962-7976 University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1962 - 7976 Author Watanabe, Kohei 0000-0002-8761-232X Ishikawa Insect Museum, Inu- 3, Yawata-machi, Hakusan-shi, 920 - 2113 Japan. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8761 - 232 X Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5034 - 7342 Author Shaverdo, Helena 0000-0001-5034-7342 Author Wang, Liang-Jong 0000-0001-5540-2021 Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5540 - 2021 Author Watts, Chris H. S. 0000-0003-3131-4259 South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3131 - 4259 text Zootaxa 2022 2022-08-16 5175 2 151 205 journal article 123002 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.2.1 86116a08-1bf6-48c3-b318-c54c8fd0928c 1175-5326 7003344 C4601ABE-4C6F-48BA-BA24-3339A44DC15C

TABLE 4. Measurements and ratios for the instar II of selected species of Copelatinae (species codes as in Table 1).

Measure	CALT (n = 3)	CCPR (n = 1)	CMAS (n = 5)	CNAK (n = 1)	COBL (n = 5)	CPAR (n = 1)	EFER (n = 3)	CALT (n = 3)	CCPR (n = 1)	CGLY (n = 5)	CJAP (n = 4)	CLON1 (n = 3)	CMAS (n = 4)	CNAK (n = 5)	COBL (n = 5)	CPAR (n = 1)	CTEN (n = 1)	EAUS (n = 3)	EFER (n = 3)	LHAE (n = 4)
(1) Michat & Torres (2009)
HL (mm)	0.65	0.58	0.68–0.72	0.61	0.55–0.58	0.56	0.85–0.90	0.88–0.89	0.81	0.81–0.94	0.86–0.90	0.90–0.93	0.97–0.99	0.81–0.84	0.74–0.80	0.78	0.84	1.85–1.90	1.08–1.23	1.36–1.39
HW (mm)	0.74–0.76	0.59	0.70–0.75	0.64	0.60–0.65	0.60	0.90–0.96	0.91–0.93	0.79	0.84–0.97	0.97–1.03	0.95–1.00	1.03–1.08	0.87–0.92	0.86–0.93	0.79	0.90	2.08–2.28	1.14–1.26	1.53–1.65
FRL (mm)	0.45–0.46	0.40	0.45–0.48	0.38	0.36–0.39	0.38	0.55–0.59	0.58–0.60	0.52	0.53–0.61	0.56–0.58	0.58–0.61	0.59–0.63	0.51–0.53	0.50–0.53	0.51	0.54	1.10–1.18	0.68–0.74	0.86–0.90
OCW (mm)	0.55–0.58	0.45	0.49–0.54	0.43	0.44–0.53	0.41	0.60–0.63	0.60–0.78	0.55	0.55–0.63	0.65–0.76	0.68–0.70	0.69–0.74	0.57–0.61	0.69–0.71	0.50	0.31	1.30–1.43	0.74–0.88	1.10–1.25
HL/HW	0.85–0.88	0.98	0.95–0.97	0.95	0.88–0.91	0.93	0.91–0.94	0.87–0.96	1.03	0.94–0.97	0.84–0.89	0.93–0.95	0.91–0.94	0.91–0.94	0.84–0.86	0.99	0.94	0.85–0.89	0.93–0.97	0.84–0.89
HW/OCW	1.31–1.34	1.33	1.41–1.46	1.49	1.24–1.39	1.49	1.44–1.56	1.31–1.52	1.45	1.50–1.55	1.35–1.50	1.35–1.47	1.45–1.49	1.49–1.53	1.28–1.33	1.60	1.32	1.58–1.69	1.44–1.58	1.32–1.44
COL/HL	0.29–0.31	0.32	0.33–0.34	0.37	0.33–0.34	0.33	0.31–0.35	0.32–0.34	0.37	0.32–0.36	0.32–0.36	0.34–0.36	0.35–0.39	0.36–0.38	0.32–0.37	0.35	0.37	0.39–0.41	0.37–0.40	0.35–0.37
A/HW	0.47–0.50	0.54	0.52–0.55	0.58	0.50–0.57	0.53	0.44–0.47	0.42–0.46	0.52	0.48–0.54	0.50–0.52	0.47	0.46–0.50	0.49–0.54	0.46–0.50	0.46	0.50	0.40–0.42	0.41–0.45	0.40–0.41
A3/A1	1.38–1.50	1.54	1.60–1.78	1.13	1.40–1.62	1.50	1.67–1.71	1.08–1.18	1.40	1.22–1.35	1.20–1.31	1.08–1.45	1.19–1.32	1.26–1.31	1.04–1.20	0.91	1.38	1.32–1.38	1.27–1.38	0.95–1.05
A3/A2	1.16–1.20	1.11	1.18–1.24	1.10	1.12–1.19	1.27	1.07–1.23	0.96–1.04	1.11	1.04–1.14	0.93–1.05	1.00–1.11	1.00–1.08	1.05–1.10	0.98–1.10	0.91	1.13	0.90–0.91	1.00–1.06	0.93–0.97
A4/A1	0.76–0.88	1.00	1.00–1.10	0.60	0.77–0.96	0.90	0.61–0.71	0.50–0.52	0.63	0.55–0.68	0.49–0.58	0.46–0.55	0.54–0.65	0.57–0.68	0.50–0.58	0.46	0.67	0.39–0.43	0.42–0.50	0.43–0.45
A4/A3	0.54–0.59	0.65	0.56–0.63	0.53	0.53–0.60	0.60	0.37–0.41	0.42–0.46	0.45	0.44–0.54	0.41–0.46	0.34–0.42	0.44–0.49	0.46–0.54	0.44–0.52	0.51	0.48	0.39–0.32	0.32–0.39	0.43–0.53
A3’/A4	0.29–0.31	0.23	0.24–0.31	0.30	0.26–0.30	0.64	0.35–0.45	0.33–0.36	0.33	0.27–0.32	0.27–0.29	0.33–0.42	0.30–0.36	0.33–0.44	0.30–0.38	0.46	0.36	0.26–0.28	0.45–0.54	0.34–0.41
MNL/MNW	2.60–2.78	2.72	2.83–3.33	3.11	2.41–2.61	3.55	2.77–3.18	2.43–2.83	2.58	2.85–3.04	2.50–2.72	2.50–2.76	2.84–2.92	2.85–2.98	2.40–2.60	3.07	2.87	2.72–2.96	2.88–2.94	2.63–2.71
MNL/HL	0.48–0.50	0.47	0.52–0.55	0.54	0.48–0.51	0.54	0.50–0.51	0.49	0.45	0.50–0.54	0.51–0.55	0.47–0.50	0.51–0.52	0.51–0.53	0.49–0.52	0.51	0.56	0.53–0.54	0.48–0.51	0.52–0.53
A/MP	1.59–1.64	1.41	1.33–1.36	1.49	1.39–1.51	1.39	1.33–1.38	1.52–1.56	1.50	1.34–1.38	1.51–1.60	1.43–1.64	1.34–1.37	1.42–1.46	1.50–1.60	1.29	1.40	1.37–1.41	1.27–1.33	1.16–1.27
MP2/MP1	2.00–2.14	1.73	1.62–1.72	1.60	1.67–1.95	1.86	1.83	1.58–1.75	1.67	1.50–1.73	1.57–1.82	1.57–2.00	1.51–1.65	1.51–1.74	1.44–1.67	1.69	1.64	1.56–1.67	1.55–1.82	1.15–1.28
MP2/MP3	0.65–0.73	0.74	0.76–0.81	0.80	0.68–0.75	0.74	0.71–0.76	0.76–0.84	0.89	0.87–0.93	0.81–0.86	1.04–1.14	1.03–1.14	0.86–0.95	0.87–1.00	1.00	0.94	1.00–1.14	0.86–1.03	1.10–1.15
GA/MP1	2.38–2.57	2.00	1.92–2.13	1.91	1.85–2.32	2.44	2.00–2.33	1.83–2.00	2.00	1.79–1.88	1.67–1.85	1.43–2.09	1.61–1.85	1.75–1.99	1.59–1.83	1.82	1.85	1.53–1.73	1.65–2.06	1.27–1.49
PPF/MP1	0.86–1.00	0.67	0.60–0.74	0.60	0.67–0.90	0.77	0.67–0.83	0.82–0.83	0.80	0.75–0.87	0.77–0.93	0.57–0.75	0.60–0.72	0.59–0.74	0.71–0.94	0.62	0.66	0.69–0.75	0.65–0.83	0.54–0.70
MP/LP	1.64–1.76	1.85	1.99–2.07	2.06	1.70–1.82	2.24	2.52–3.00	1.77–1.90	1.98	2.12–2.17	1.77–1.88	1.71–1.88	2.04–2.14	2.02–2.25	1.65–1.82	2.38	2.03	2.36–2.41	2.79–3.27	1.67–1.74
LP2/LP1	1.78–1.89	1.73	1.33–1.55	2.24	1.56–1.89	2.12	3.17–3.80	1.42–1.58	1.51	1.40–1.56	1.25–1.61	1.33–1.46	1.06–1.12	1.55–1.78	1.31–1.47	1.67	1.43	2.00–2.67	2.22–2.50	1.54–1.71
L1 (mm)	1.22–1.24	1.00	1.27–1.31	1.14	1.04–1.07	1.00	1.50–1.63	1.55–1.62	1.44	1.45–1.64	1.68–1.79	1.53–1.54	1.75–1.79	1.48–1.55	1.44–1.50	1.24	1.52	3.37–3.43	1.95–2.10	2.47–2.61
L2 (mm)	1.20–1.24	0.97	1.26–1.31	1.12	1.04–1.08	0.99	1.54–1.68	1.62–1.65	1.43	1.36–1.63	1.68–1.76	1.53–1.55	1.75–1.79	1.46–1.57	1.47–1.52	1.23	1.48	3.30–3.45	2.01–2.14	2.52–2.65
L3 (mm)	1.32–1.34	1.05	1.32–1.42	1.23	1.10–1.13	1.07	1.70–1.84	1.74–1.81	1.58	1.60–1.74	1.84–1.92	1.67–1.72	1.90–2.00	1.66–1.72	1.57–1.64	1.47	1.73	3.71–3.87	2.19–2.44	2.86–3.06
L2/L1	0.98–1.00	0.97	0.98–1.02	0.99	0.99–1.01	0.99	1.02–1.03	1.02–1.04	0.99	0.93–1.02	0.98–1.01	0.99–1.01	0.98–1.01	0.99–1.01	1.01–1.02	0.99	0.97	1.01–1.02	1.02–1.05	1.01–1.03
L3/L1	1.07–1.10	1.05	1.04–1.10	1.08	1.05–1.09	1.07	1.09–1.17	1.11–1.12	1.10	1.06–1.10	1.07–1.10	1.08–1.12	1.11–1.12	1.11–1.13	1.10–1.14	1.18	1.14	1.13–1.15	1.12–1.20	1.15–1.18
L3/L2	1.07–1.10	1.09	1.06–1.10	1.09	1.05–1.10	1.08	1.07–1.14	1.07–1.10	1.10	1.07–1.18	1.09–1.11	1.08–1.10	1.11–1.13	1.10–1.14	1.08–1.11	1.20	1.17	1.12–1.13	1.09–1.15	1.13–1.15
L3/HW	1.73–1.82	1.77	1.85–1.91	1.91	1.69–1.87	1.77	1.87–1.91	1.77–1.90	1.99	1.74–1.90	1.83–1.93	1.69–1.77	1.84–1.92	1.87–1.98	1.76–1.82	1.85	1.92	1.70–1.79	1.89–1.93	1.82–1.88
L3(CO/FE)	1.04–1.12	1.04	1.01–1.08	0.95	1.07–1.15	0.98	0.95–0.97	1.03–1.05	1.02	1.09–1.16	1.02–1.08	1.06–1.09	1.00–1.04	0.96–1.06	1.00–1.13	1.05	1.09	0.84–0.89	0.96–1.02	0.99–1.07
L3(TI/FE)	0.59–0.64	0.62	0.53–0.62	0.62	0.63–0.70	0.64	0.59–0.66	0.58–0.64	0.62	0.59–0.65	0.63–0.66	0.59–0.62	0.60–0.63	0.59–0.62	0.62–0.64	0.64	0.65	0.60–0.61	0.61–0.65	0.63–0.67
L3(TA/FE)	0.73–0.80	0.77	0.72–0.77	0.72	0.72–0.76	0.76	0.69–0.71	0.65–0.67	0.65	0.63–0.71	0.69–0.73	0.67–0.71	0.65–0.66	0.65–0.69	0.64–0.68	0.68	0.69	0.60–0.61	0.61–0.67	0.63–0.66
L3(C/TA)	0.48–0.54	0.46	0.55–0.60	0.48	0.51–0.53	0.51	0.47–0.58	0.46	0.45	0.47–0.50	0.41–0.43	0.41–0.43	0.50–0.53	0.42–0.45	0.47–0.51	0.48	0.47	0.34–0.36	0.43–0.55	0.45–0.46
LAS (mm)	0.43–0.44	0.39	0.46–0.54	0.45	0.37–0.39	0.41	0.54–0.63	0.68–0.73	0.64	0.65–0.74	0.66–0.72	0.62–0.64	0.75–0.77	0.66–0.69	0.54–0.60	0.61	0.63	1.33–1.63	0.79–0.85	1.09–1.17
LAS/HW	0.56–0.59	0.65	0.64–0.72	0.70	0.56–0.62	0.68	0.56–0.69	0.66–0.77	0.81	0.71–0.78	0.65–0.71	0.64–0.66	0.70–0.74	0.75–0.77	0.58–0.65	0.78	0.70	0.59–071	0.64–0.69	0.68–0.72
U (mm)	0.23–0.24	0.22	0.23–0.25	0.26	0.17–0.19	0.18	0.46–0.51	0.27–0.30	0.34	0.28–0.32	0.28–0.30	0.27–0.28	0.31–0.32	0.31–0.33	0.20–0.25	0.40	0.30	0.56–0.58	0.44–0.71	0.60–0.63
U/HW	0.31–0.32	0.38	0.32–0.34	0.41	0.26–0.29	0.30	0.50–0.53	0.27–0.32	0.43	0.31–0.33	0.28–0.30	0.28–0.29	0.29–0.31	0.35–0.38	0.22–0.27	0.50	0.33	0.25–0.26	0.38–0.57	0.38–0.40
U/LAS	0.54–0.56	0.58	0.46–0.51	0.58	0.45–0.51	0.45	0.74–0.96	0.37–0.44	0.52	0.42–0.44	0.42–0.43	0.43–0.44	0.40–0.43	0.45–0.49	0.37–0.47	0.65	0.47	0.34–0.44	0.56–0.88	0.54–0.57
U1/U2	–	–	4.40–5.94	–	5.20–6.00	–	–	–	–	–	6.53–8.43	8.33–10.40	7.42–10.07	–	6.30–8.92	–	6.90	–	–	–