Table 8.4. Comparison of Tyrannosaurid Skull Characters
Skull Character Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus " x " Tarbosaurus bataar Tarbosaurus bataar Juvenile Nanotyrannus lancensis Gorgosaurus sp . Albertosaurus sp.
Antorbital fossa Very deep Deep Deep Deep Very shallow Shallow Shallow
Ventral antorbital maxillary ridge meets jugal No No No No Yes Yes Yes
Maxillary fenestra reaches rostral margin of antorbital fossa (Carr et al. 2005) Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Maxillary fenestra reaches ventral margin of antorbital fossa (Carr et al. 2005) Yes Approaches Yes Yes No No Approaches
Vomer expansion Lateral Lateral Lateral ? Dorsoventral Dorsoventral ?
Posterior dorsal Quadratojugal notch No No No No Yes Yes No
Central dorsal quadratojugal notch No No No No Yes Yes No
Anterior dorsal medial notch in quadratojugal (Carr and Williamson 2004) Yes ? No ? No No No
Lachrymal horn (cornual process) Absent Absent Absent Absent Present Present Present
Lachrymal shape Inverted L Inverted L Inverted L Inverted L T T T
Quadrate—squamosal articulation Double Double ? ? Single Double Single
Cranial nerve V-2 bounded by: Maxilla and premaxilla Maxilla and premaxilla Maxilla and premaxilla Maxilla and premaxilla Maxilla only Maxilla only ?
Anterior maxilla fossa at cranial nerve V-2 Maxilla and premaxilla Maxilla and premaxilla Maxilla and premaxilla Maxilla and premaxilla Maxilla only Maxilla only ?
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Published as part of Peter Larson (2008). Variation and sexual dimorphism in Tyrannosaurus rex. In: Peter Larson, Kenneth Carpenter (Eds): Tyrannosaurus rex, the tyrant king. lndiana University Press: 102-128. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3942903 on page 11