The curious case of Charles Darwin's frog, Rana charlesdarwini Das, 1998: Phylogenetic position and generic placement, with taxonomic insights on other minervaryan frogs (Dicroglossidae: Minervarya) in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago Author Garg, Sonali Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India sgarg.du@gmail.com Author Chandrakasan, Sivaperuman Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair 744102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Author Gokulakrishnan, G. Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair 744102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Author Gopika, C. Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India Author Das, Indraneil Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Malaysia Author S. D. Biju, Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India text Vertebrate Zoology 2022 2022-05-10 72 169 199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e79496 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e79496 2625-8498-72-169 2780E8F91ABF4708898AB14447591063 DD86E1A6A90E5B41A322F149C4A68F85

Table 1. List of DNA sequences included in the phylogenetic study.

S.N	Taxa	Collection Locality	Voucher No.	Accession Number				Reference
	Minervarya andamanensis group			16S	12S	TYR	RAG1
1	M. andamanensis	India: Andaman Island	n.a.	AB488899	AB488876	AB489015	AB488951	Kotaki et al. 2010
2	M. andamanensis	India: South Andaman: Mt. Harriet National Park	SDBDU 2019.3951	ON009955	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
3	M. andamanensis	India: South Andaman: Mt. Harriet National Park	SDBDU 2019.3956	ON009956	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
4	M. andamanensis	India: South Andaman: Chidiya Taapu	SDBDU 2019.3964	ON009957	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
5	M. andamanensis	India: South Andaman: Chidiya Taapu	SDBDU 2019.3978	ON009958	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
6	M. andamanensis	India: South Andaman: Munda Pahad	SDBDU 2019.3992	ON009959	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
7	M. andamanensis	India: South Andaman: Chidiya Taapu	SDBDU 2019.3996	ON009960	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
8	M. andamanensis	India: Little Andaman	SDBDU 2019.4011	ON009961	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
9	M. andamanensis	India: South Andaman: Sippi Ghat	SDBDU 2019.4028	ON009962	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
10	M. charlesdarwini	India: South Andaman: Mt. Harriet National Park	SDBDU 2019.3945	ON009963	ON009953	ON010541	ON010543	Present study
11	M. charlesdarwini	India: South Andaman: Mt. Harriet National Park	SDBDU 2019.3947	ON009964	ON009954	ON010542	ON010544	Present study
12	M. charlesdarwini	India: South Andaman: Mt. Harriet National Park	SDBDU 2019.3952	ON009965	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
13	M. charlesdarwini	India: South Andaman: Mt. Harriet National Park	SDBDU 2019.3954	ON009966	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
14	M. muangkanensis	Thailand: Pilok	IABHU 18145/18156/18157	AB277300	n.a.	AB277352	AB488956	Kotaki et al. 2008, 2010
15	M. muangkanensis	Thailand: Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum	KIZ 024627	MF166918	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Suwannapoom et al. 2017
16	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Bago, Dawei	USNM:Herp:587076	MG935778	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Mulcahy et al. 2018
17	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Bago, Dawei	USNM:Herp:587073	MG935779	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Mulcahy et al. 2018
18	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Tanintharyi, Yeybu village	USNM:Herp:586873	MG935780	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Mulcahy et al. 2018
19	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Tanintharyi, Yeybu village	USNM:Herp:586874	MG935781	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Mulcahy et al. 2018
20	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Tanintharyi, Yeybu village	USNM:Herp:586875	MG935782	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Mulcahy et al. 2018
21	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Tanintharyi, Yeybu village	USNM:Herp:586876	MG935783	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Mulcahy et al. 2018
22	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Tanintharyi, Yeybu village	USNM:Herp:586878	MG935784	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Mulcahy et al. 2018
23	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Tanintharyi, Yeybu village	USNM:Herp:586879	MG935785	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Mulcahy et al. 2018
24	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, near Mwe Hauk village	CAS 208016	MK621439	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
25	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, near Mwe Hauk village	CAS 208033	MK621440	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
26	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, near Kyanigan	SMF 103782	MK621441	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
27	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, Kan Ywa to Negwesaung	SMF 103787	MK621442	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
28	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, Kan Ywa to Negwesaung	SMF 103788	MK621443	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
29	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, Kan Ywa to Negwesaung	SMF 103790	MK621444	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
30	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Rakhaing, Ngapali, Dam Lake	SMF 104873	MK621445	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
31	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, Kan Ywa to Negwesaung	SMF 105012	MK621446	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
32	M. muangkanensis	Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, Kan Ywa to Negwesaung	SMF 105013	MK621447	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Koehler et al. 2019
	Minervarya agricola group
33	M. agricola	India: Karnataka: Mudigere	BNHS 4651	AB488895	AB488872	AB489011	AB488947	Kotaki et al. 2010
34	M. agricola	India: South Andaman: Chidiya Taapu	SDBDU 2019.3986	ON009967	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
35	M. agricola	India: South Andaman: Sippi Ghat	SDBDU 2019.4027	ON009968	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
36	M. agricola	India: Middle Andaman: Rangat	SDBDU 2019.4054	ON009969	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Present study
37	M. asmati	India: Assam	n.a.	AB488900	AB488877	AB489016	AB488952	Kotaki et al. 2010
38	M. chiangmaiensis	Thailand: Chiang Mai: Omkoi	KIZ024057	KX834135	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Suwannapoom et al. 2016
39	M. teraiensis	Nepal: Britamod: Jhapa	CDZMTU356	MT983106	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Khatiwada et al. 2021
	Minervarya greenii group
40	M. greenii	Sri Lanka: Hakgala	MNHN 2000.617	AB488891	AB488868	AB489008	AB488944	Kotaki et al. 2010
41	M. kirtisinghei	Sri Lanka: Hakgala	MNHN 2000.620	AB488890	AB488867	AB489007	AB488943	Kotaki et al. 2010
	Minervarya mysorensis group
42	M. brevipalmata	India: Kerala: Kadalar	SDBDU 2011.1048	MZ156230	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Garg and Biju 2021
43	M. goemchi	India: Goa: Surla	ZSI/WRC/A/2017	MG800343	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Dinesh et al. 2018
44	M. mysorensis	India: Karnataka: Kudremukh	BNHS 4653 / 4654	AB488898	AB488875	AB489014	AB488950	Kotaki et al. 2010
	Minervarya nilagirica group
45	M. keralensis	India	WII: 3263	JX573181	JX573190	n.a.	n.a.	Raj et al. 2018
46	M. nilagirica	India: Madikeri	BNHS 4646	AB488896	AB488873	AB489012	AB488948	Kotaki et al. 2010
47	M. kalinga	India: Odisha: Barbara Reserve Forest	SDBDU 2015.3108	MZ156316	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Garg and Biju 2021
	Minervarya rufescens group
48	M. cepfi	India: Maharashtra: Amboli	ZSI/WGRC/V/A/938	KY447308	n.a.	n.a.	KY820753	Garg and Biju 2017
49	M. kadar	India: Kerala: Thavalakuzhipara	ZSI/WGRC/V/A/940	KY447312	n.a.	n.a.	KY820754	Garg and Biju 2017
50	M. manoharani	India: Kerala: Chathankod-Bonnacad	ZSI/WGRC/V/A/945	KY447313	n.a.	n.a.	KY820757	Garg and Biju 2017
51	M. neilcoxi	India: Kerala: Parambikulam	ZSI/WGRC/V/A/951	KY447318	n.a.	n.a.	KY820759	Garg and Biju 2017
52	M. rufescens	India: Padil: Mangalore	RBRL 040716-1 or 39-16-Jul-2004	AB530602	AB488874	AB489013	AB488949	Hasan et al. 2014; Kotaki et al. 2010
53	M. marathi	India: Maharashtra: Pune, Bhamburde	n.a.	MH370483	n.a.	MH370484	n.a.	Phuge et al. 2019
	Minervarya sahyadris group
54	M. sahyadris	India: Karnataka: Mangalore	SDBDU 2015.3046	MZ156082	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Garg and Biju 2021
55	M. gomantaki	India: Codal village	ZSI/WGRC/V/A/867	KR781085	n.a.	KT004440	n.a.	Dinesh et al. 2015
56	M. krishnan	India: Karnataka: Jog Falls	SDBDU 2003.40156	MZ156093	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Garg and Biju 2021
	Minervarya syhadrensis group
57	M. pentali	India: Kerala: Nedumbaserry	BNHS 6116	MZ156229	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Garg and Biju 2021
58	M. nepalensis	Nepal: Chitwan	n.a.	AB488889	AB488866	AB500268	AB500225	Kotaki et al. 2010
59	M. syhadrensis	India: Karnataka: Mudigere	BNHS 5060	AB488894	AB488871	AB489010	AB488946	Kotaki et al. 2010
	Outgroups
60	F. limnocharis	Indonesia: Bogor	IABHU 18002	AB277302	AB277286	AB277354	AB488953	Kotaki et al. 2008, 2010
61	F. orissaensis	India: Odisha	KU 197186	AB277304	AB277288	AB277356	AB500222	Kotaki et al. 2008, 2010
62	S. dobsonii	India: Bajipe	n.a.	AB277305	AB277290	AB277357	AB488959	Kotaki et al. 2008, 2010
63	S. pluvialis	Sri Lanka	VUB0182	AF249042	AF249014	AF249173	DQ347214	Bossuyt and Milinkovitch 2000
64	E. cyanophlyctis	India	VUB0039	AF249053	AF249015	AF249174	DQ347205	Bossuyt and Milinkovitch 2000
65	E. hexadactylus	India: Mudigere	n.a.	AB272608	AB273176	n.a.	n.a.	Alam et al. 2008
66	H. crassus	Sri Lanka	VUB0107	AF249044	AF249013	AF249172	DQ347211	Bossuyt and Milinkovitch 2000
67	H. tigerinus	India: Mangalore	n.a.	AB488902	n.a.	AB277358	AB488958	Kotaki et al. 2008, 2010
68	N. ceylonensis	Sri Lanka	VUB0172	AF249047	AF249016	AF249175	AY948917	Bossuyt and Milinkovitch 2000
69	L. laticeps	Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur	n.a.	AB277306	n.a.	AB277359	AB488960	Kotaki et al. 2008, 2010