The long-eared freshwater planarians of Madagascar form a separate phylogenetic clade within the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida), with the description of two new species Author Stocchino, Giacinta Angela Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy giacistocchino@gmail.com Author Sluys, Ronald Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Author Solà, Eduard Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, & Present address: Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC- Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Author Riutort, Marta Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Author Manconi, Renata Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024 zlae 143 2024-12-07 202 4 1 29 https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae143 journal article 307986 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae143 d4b81450-56e8-4d02-9b0f-5e7ba5316db5 0024-4082 14811333 74A0FAB-9EC4-459B-96D7-EC569FDC6C1F

Table 4. Species of Dugesia for which karyological information is available, with their geographical distribution, haploid number of the chromosome complement, karyotype, and relevant references.

Species	Haploid	Karyotype	Distribution	References
	number
Dugesia sp. Dmad4/	n = 5	diploid 2n = 10	Madagascar	Present paper
GS34
D. batuensis Ball,	n = 7	diploid 2n = 14	Malaysia	Kawakatsu et al. 1989
1970
D. hepta Pala, Casu	n = 7	diploid 2n = 14	Italy (Sardinia Island)	Pala et al. 1981; Stocchino et al. 2005
& Vacca, 1981
D. pendula Chen &	n = 7	mixoploid: 2n = 14 + 0-1	China	Wang et al. 2024
Dong, 2024		B-chromosome & 3n = 21 + 0-1
		B-chromosome
D. ryukyuensis	n = 7	diploid 2n = 14 + 0-1 B-chromosome;	Japan	Oki et al. 1981; Tamura et al. 1995,
Kawakatsu, 1976		triploid 3n = 24 + variable number		1998, and references therein
		of B-chromosomes; mixoploid:
		2n & 3n
D. adunca Chen &	n = 8	mixoploid: 2n = 16 & 3n = 24	China	Chen et al. 2022
Sluys, 2022
D. aurea Leria, 2020	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Spain	Leria et al. 2020
D. austroasiatica	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Japan	Kawakatsu et al. 1986
Kawakatsu, 1985
D. benazzii Lepori,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16; triploid 3n = 24;	Italy (Sardinia Island	cf. Benazzi and Benazzi-Lentati 1976;
1951		tetraploid 4n=32; hexaploid 6n = 48	and Capraia Island),	Stocchino 2018 and references
			France (Corsica?)	therein; Dols-Serrate et al. 2024
D. bengalensis	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	India	Kawakatsu et al. 1983
Kawakatsu, 1983
D. brigantii de Vries	n = 8	triploid 3n = 24	Italy	Puccinelli and Benazzi 1985
& Benazzi, 1983
D. circumcisa Chen	n = 8	triploid 3n = 24	China	Wang et al. 2021b
& Dong, 2021
D. colapha Dahm,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Ghana	Dahm 1967
1967
D. constrictiva Chen	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	China	Wang et al. 2022
& Dong, 2022
D. corbata Leria,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16 + 0-4	Spain	Ribas 1990; Leria et al. 2020
2020		B-chromosomes
D. cretica (Meixner,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16 (aneudiploid?)	Greece	Dahm 1958; Benazzi and Benazzi-
1928)				Lentati 1976
D. elegans de Vries,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Greece	de Vries 1984
1984
D. etrusca Benazzi,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16 aneudiploid/	Italy	Benazzi 1946; Benazzi and Benazzi-
1946		polysomic		Lentati 1976
D. gonocephala	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16; triploid 3n = 24	France, The Netherlands,	Schleip 1907; de Vries 1986
(Dugès, 1830)			Belgium, Denmark,
			Germany, Bulgaria,
			Bosnia-Herzegovina
D. hoidi Dols-	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Italy (Sardinia Island)	Dols-Serrate et al. 2024
Serrate, Stocchino &
Riutort, 2024
D. ilvana Lepori,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Italy (Elba Island)	cf. Benazzi and Benazzi-Lentati 1976
1948
D. indonesiana	n = 8	triploid 3n = 24	Indonesia	Benazzi and Gourbault 1975
Kawakatsu, 1973
	number
D. japonica Ichikawa	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16 + 0-1 B-chromosome;	Japan, Taiwan, Korean	Kawakatsu et al. 1976; Oki et al. 1981;
& Kawakatsu, 1964		triploid 3n = 24 + 0-4	Peninsula, China,	Tamura et al. 1995, 1998 and refer-
		B-chromosomes; mixoploid: 2n &	Russia	ences therein
		3n, 2n & 4n, 2n & 3n & 4n, 3n & 4n
D. leporii Pala,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Italy (Sardinia Island)	Pala et al. 2000
Stocchino, Corso &
Casu, 2000
D. liguriensis de	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16; triploid 3n = 24	Italy, Spain	Lázaro et al. 2009; Stocchino 2018
Vries, 1988
D. majuscula Chen	n = 8	mixoploid: 2n = 16 & 3n = 24	China	Wang et al. 2021a
& Dong, 2021
D. mariae Stocchino,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	France (Corsica Island)	Dols-Serrate et al. 2024
Dols-Serrate &
Riutort, 2024
D. musculosa Chen	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	China	Wang et al. 2024
& Dong, 2024
D. sagitta (Schmidt,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Greece	Ball 1979; de Vries 1984
1861)
D. salina	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Israel	Bromley 2021
(Whitehouse, 1914)
D. semiglobosa Chen	n = 8	mixoploid: 2n = 16 & 3n = 24	China	Wang et al. 2021a
& Dong, 2021
D. siamana	n = 8	mixoploid: 2n = 16 & 3n = 24	Thailand	Kawakatsu et al. 1980
Kawakatsu, 1980
D. subtentaculata	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16; triploid 3n = 24;	Spain, Morocco, Algeria,	Gourbault and Benazzi 1979, de Vries
(Draparnaud, 1801)		tetraploid 4n = 32	France, Portugal	1986; Leria et al. 2020
D. superioris	n = 8	triploid 3n = 24 + 1 B-chromosome	Albania	Deri et al. 1999; Stocchino et al. 2013
Stocchino & Sluys,
2013
D. tamilensis	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	India	Kawakatsu et al. 1980
Kawakatsu, 1980
D. tumida Chen &	n = 8	mixoploid: 2n = 16 & 3n = 24	China	Chen et al. 2022
Sluys, 2022
D. verrucula Chen &	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	China	Wang et al. 2021b
Dong, 2021
D. vilafarrei Leria,	n = 8	diploid 2n = 16	Spain	Leria et al. 2020
2020
D. aethiopica	n = 9	mixoploid: 2n = 18 + 0-1	Ethiopia	Stocchino et al. 2004
Stocchino, Corso,		B-chromosome & 3n = 27 + 1-3
Manconi & Pala,		B-chromosomes
2002
D. afromontana	n = 9	triploid 3n = 27 + 1-2	South Africa	Stocchino et al. 2012
Stocchino & Sluys,		B-chromosomes
2012
D. arabica Harrath &	n = 9	diploid 2n = 18; triploid 3n = 27 + B	Yemen	Harrath et al. 2013
Sluys, 2013		chromosomes; mixoploid: 2n = 18 &
		3n = 27 + 0-1 B-chromosome
D. bifida Stocchino	n = 9	diploid 2n = 18	Madagascar	Stocchino et al. 2014
& Sluys, 2014
D. insolita Stocchino	n = 9	diploid 2n = 18	Madagascar	Present paper
& Sluys, sp. nov.
number
D. maghrebiana	n = 9	mixoploid: 3n = 27 + 2	Tunisia	Stocchino et al. 2009
Stocchino, Manconi,		B-chromosomes & 4n = 36 + 2
Corso, Sluys, Casu		B-chromosomes
& Pala, 2009
D. sicula Lepori,	n = 9	diploid 2n = 18; triploid 3n = 27 +	Italy, France, Spain,	Benazzi 1955; Bromley 1974; Gourbault
1948		1-5 B-chromosomes	Greece, Morocco,	1981; Pala et al. 1995; Charni et al.
			Algeria, Israel	2004; Harrath et al. 2012; Stocchino
				2018; Solà et al. 2015